Tang Sancai is a type of pottery that prevailed in the Tang Dynasty, with yellow, white and green as the basic glaze colors. Later, people used to call such pottery “Tang San Caiâ€. The Tang Dynasty was the heyday of the feudal society in China. The economy was prosperous and flourishing. Culture and arts flourished in an affair. Tang Sancai was a kind of pottery handicrafts produced during this period. It is famous for its lively, vivid colors and rich atmosphere. The birth of Tang Sancai has more than 1,300 years of history. It has drawn on the characteristics of Chinese traditional paintings and sculptures and other arts and crafts. It has adopted decorative patterns such as stacking and sculpting. The lines are bold and powerful.
Tang Sancai is a kind of low-temperature glaze pottery. Different metal oxides are added to the glaze. After roasting, it forms yellow, yellow, light green, dark green, sky blue, maroon, eggplant purple and many other colors. The main colors are yellow, brown and green. It is mainly colored glaze coated on the ceramic blank. It undergoes chemical changes in the baking process. The shades of colored glaze change, each infiltrates, mottled and dripping, the color is coordinated naturally, and the pattern is smooth. It is a traditional handicraft with Chinese unique style. Tang Sancai displayed the grand and magnificent artistic charm in the mutual display of color. Tang Sancai is used for funerary use as a lighter because of its crunchy, poor water-repellent properties, and its practicality is far inferior to the celadon and white porcelain that have emerged at that time. Sancai Huren camel ä¿‘ (now the National Palace Museum)
Tang Sancai is located in both Chang'an and Luoyang. It is called Xikang in Chang'an and Dongyang in Luoyang. The prevalence of thick burial in the Tang Dynasty was not only a large and noble aristocracy, but also the common people. This has already formed an atmosphere of enthusiasm.
Tang Sancai has many types of figures, animals, bowls, water appliances, wine containers, stationery, furniture, houses, and even ashes filled with pots. What is generally more popular is the horses, some of them galloping, some standing, and some screaming, all showing a variety of lifelike gestures. As for the figures, there are women, civil servants, generals, husongs, and kings. According to the social status and rank of the characters, they portray different characters and traits. The lady’s face is rich, her hair is braided in various styles, and she wears colorful clothing. The civil servants are polite, the warriors are brave and fierce, and Hu Hao has high noses and deep eyes, and the king is valiant and majestic. He is an exemplary model of ancient Chinese sculpture.
ã€history】
The Tang Dynasty was the heyday of the feudal society in China. The economy was prosperous and flourishing. Culture and arts flourished in an affair. Tang Sancai was a kind of pottery handicrafts produced during this period. It is famous for its lively, vivid colors and rich atmosphere.
During the construction of the Longhai Railway, during the construction of the Longhai Railway, Luoyang Beidai Mountain destroyed a number of Tang Dynasty tombs and found numerous Tang Sancai burial articles. The common unearthed Tang Sancai pottery consists of three colored horses, camels, ladies, lesbians, and pillows. Especially the three-colored camel, carrying silk or carrying the band, bowed to the top, the red-eyed Luo Wei, wearing a narrow-sleeved shirt, wearing a Cap, reproduced the image of the life of the Central Asian people, people Reminiscent of the camel jingle in the "silk road" scene.
The Tang Dynasty was the heyday of the feudal dynasty in China. Therefore, Tang Sancai also reflected the politics, culture and life of this Tang Dynasty from another aspect. Like the Tang Dynasty poetry, painting, and other architectural culture, it formed the Tang Dynasty culture. The melody, but it is different from other cultures and arts. From the history of modern ceramics, Tang Sancai was an epoch-making milestone in the history of the Tang Dynasty ceramics. Before Tang, there was only a single color glaze, which was the combined use of two colors of glaze. In the Han Dynasty in China, there have been two colors, that is, the use of two glazes of yellow and green on the same artifact. Then, after the Tang Dynasty, it was said that this colorful glaze was applied to ceramic objects at the same time. Some of them are from the history of ceramics, which is related to the great changes in the aesthetic view of the Tang Dynasty. Before the Tang, people advocated colorism. After the Tang dynasty, it embraced various cultures and embraced a lot of foreign cultures. That is to say that this time from painting, from ceramics, from gold and silverware The production is also good, it has formed such a characteristic of a splendid culture.
Sancai Manor House (now the National Palace Museum)
The rise of Tang Sancai in the Tang Dynasty has its historical reasons. First of all, the rapid development of the ceramic industry, as well as the continuous improvement of the level of sculpture, architectural arts, promote continuous integration between them, and continuous development, so from the characters to animals and living appliances can be expressed in Tang Sancai's artifacts.
After the administration of Zhenguan in the Tang Dynasty, the power of the country was strong, and all industries flourished. At the same time, it also led to the corruption of some ** lives, and the thick burial was booming. Tang Sancai at that time was also used as a kind of veil. It was once listed in the regulations of the government. One product, two products, three products, and four products meant that he could allow him to bury him. However, in fact, there were express provisions in plaintext as these officials. Obviously, they are not satisfied with the provisions of the plaintext. Instead, they often increase the multiples more than the official regulations to do such a thick funeral. The official style is so, and of course the folk customs are the same. Therefore, a kind of thick burial style has formed from top to bottom. This is one of the main reasons why Tang Sancai was able to quickly develop and rise in the Central Plains.
ã€Craftsmanship】
Samosa Warriors (now the National Palace Museum)
Tang Sancai's production process is very complicated. First of all, the mined land to be mined, smashed, washed, precipitated, dried and then made into a kiln using a mold for firing. Tang Sancai's firing uses a secondary firing method. From the raw material point of view, its carcass is made of white clay, and it is burned in a kiln at a temperature of 1000-1100 degrees Celsius. The baked prime tires are cooled and then the prepared glazes are put into the kiln. Glaze burning, the firing temperature of 850-950 degrees Celsius. In the glaze, a variety of metal oxides are used as a coloring agent, which shows various colors after being calcined.
After the glaze is burned out, some characters need to open their faces again. The so-called open face is the head of the character. The antique product is not glazed. It must go through the eyebrow, lip, and hair. Such a process, then the product of Tang Sancai even completed.
ã€Features】
The characteristics of Tang Sancai can be summed up in two aspects. The first is modeling. From the aspect of modeling, its shape is different from that of general crafts, and it is also different from horses unearthed in other eras.
Tang Sancai and foreign domain traders Tang Sancai have a variety of shapes, which can be generally divided into three categories: animals, living utensils, and characters. Among them, animals are mostly animals. The unearthed Tang Sancai is mainly divided into animals, utensils, and characters from the present classification, especially animals, which may be related to the background of the era at that time. In ancient China, the horse is one of the most important means of transportation on the battlefield. It also requires horses. Farmers also need horses for ploughing fields, and transportation also needs horses. Therefore, there are more horses unearthed in Tang Sancai, followed by more camels. This may be related to the Sino-foreign trade at that time. Camels are one of the means of transportation for long journeys. Then people may go from east to west from the west, and from the west to the Silk Road, they need camels as transportation. So, the craftsmen reflected it on crafts. Characters are generally more palace maids, this reflection is related to the court life at that time.
The shape of the horse is relatively plump. This breed of horse is said to have been a tribute from the Western Regions at that time, so it is not quite the same as the shape of the horse we see now. The hips of the horse are relatively fat and the neck is relatively wide. Tangma's styling characteristics are mainly static, but it is driven by quietness. You see this is a standing horse. But it is characterized by the eye of the horse. The eye of the horse is inscribed in a triangle. The eyes are round, and then the ears of the horse are close to it. It seems to be listening or hearing something. It passes. This detailed description shows Tang Ma's inner spirit and inner rhythm.
Another feature of Tang Sancai is glaze. The use of three kinds of red, green and white glaze colors on a piece of material, which was originally the first in the Tang Dynasty, but the craftsmen cleverly applied the method of glaze, red, green, and white, to make it interlaced and misused. Then after high temperature firing at high temperature, the glaze is poured and flowed to form a unique rogue process. After the kiln is out, the three colors become many colors. It has a primary color, a complex color, and a combined color. People can What is seen is a variety of colored and dripping colors, which is characteristic of Tang Sancai glaze.
Tang Sancai’s shape is round and full, which is consistent with the plump, bodybuilding, and broad features of the Tang Dynasty art. Tang Sancai has a variety of shapes, which can be generally divided into three categories: animals, living utensils, and characters. Among them, animals are mostly animals. The proportion of three-colored figures and animals is moderate, the shape is natural, the lines are smooth and lively. In the figures, the warriors are muscular, glaring at the eyes, and swords drawn. The son-in-law is high-sleeved and wide-armed. Animals are mostly horses and camels.
Tang Sancai, a kind of handicraft, is characterized by the exchange of Chinese and Western cultures. This form is a chicken head vessel. From the current research, it was a wine container used by Western countries and even countries in the Middle East, but as a Central Plains region. It was produced as a kind of handicraft, and the use of people can see the exchange of Chinese and Western culture at that time.
ã€Origin】
Tang Sancai's places of origin, Xi'an, Luoyang and Yangzhou, are the connecting points of land and sea silk ancient roads. On the ancient Silk Road, the transport of the Tang Dynasty was mainly camels. It can be imagined that in the desert, people and camels are struggling and are dependent on each other, so people and camels have a sense of intimacy. Its tall form and perseverance, it seems that it still carries the wind and dust of ancient Silk Road.
Tang Sancai was the essence of the Tang Dynasty pottery and reached its peak in the early Tang and Tang dynasties. After the Anshi chaos, with the gradual weakening of the Tang Dynasty, due to the rapid development of porcelain, the production of three-color devices gradually declined. Later, it produced "Liao Three Colors" and "Golden Three Colors." However, in terms of quantity, quality, and artistry, it was far less than Tang Sancai.
[artistic charm]
Tang San Cai Ma (now the National Palace Museum)
With the progress of society and the continuous improvement of copying and imitation technology, Tang Sancai has more and more varieties. Luoyang people developed the flat Tang Sancai on the basis of traditional Tang Sancai modeling, and they will also develop more and better Tang Sancai works on this basis.
As a traditional cultural product and arts and crafts product, Tang Sancai not only has a certain status in the history of Chinese ceramics and art history, but also plays an important role in cultural exchange between China and foreign countries.
Tang Sancai had exported to foreign countries as early as the beginning of the Tang Dynasty and was deeply loved by foreign people. This kind of multi-color glaze pottery is famous for its gorgeous glaze, bright and beautiful luster, beautiful and exquisite shape. Tang Sancai is a bright pearl in ancient Chinese pottery.
Sancai Tianwangsi (now the National Palace Museum)
According to the excavations of the archaeological community, artifacts of the Tang Dynasty tricolor have been excavated in some countries on the Silk Road, the Mediterranean coast and Western Asia. Well, the spread of this culture abroad has also had some impact on their ceramic industry, including Japan and North Korea. During Japan's Nara period, three colors were used to imitate Chinese tricolors. At that time, they were called Nara Three Colors. North Korea's Silla period also produced Chinese tricolor and produced three-colored objects called Silla Three Colors.
Because Tang Sancai has such charm, especially in recent years, with the further development of the tourism industry and the opening up of the international and domestic markets, there are more and more people who like to collect Tang Sancai.
Tang Sancai's copying and imitation process has a history of more than a hundred years in Luoyang. After the development of artists of all ages, the craftsmanship and artistic level of "Luoyang Tang Sancai" has reached a certain height, and the production process of Tang Sancai has also been inherited and developed.
Tang Sancai is a kind of low-temperature glaze pottery. Different metal oxides are added to the glaze. After roasting, it forms yellow, yellow, light green, dark green, sky blue, maroon, eggplant purple and many other colors. The main colors are yellow, brown and green. It is mainly colored glaze coated on the ceramic blank. It undergoes chemical changes in the baking process. The shades of colored glaze change, each infiltrates, mottled and dripping, the color is coordinated naturally, and the pattern is smooth. It is a traditional handicraft with Chinese unique style. Tang Sancai displayed the grand and magnificent artistic charm in the mutual display of color. Tang Sancai is used for funerary use as a lighter because of its crunchy, poor water-repellent properties, and its practicality is far inferior to the celadon and white porcelain that have emerged at that time. Sancai Huren camel ä¿‘ (now the National Palace Museum)
Tang Sancai is located in both Chang'an and Luoyang. It is called Xikang in Chang'an and Dongyang in Luoyang. The prevalence of thick burial in the Tang Dynasty was not only a large and noble aristocracy, but also the common people. This has already formed an atmosphere of enthusiasm.
Tang Sancai has many types of figures, animals, bowls, water appliances, wine containers, stationery, furniture, houses, and even ashes filled with pots. What is generally more popular is the horses, some of them galloping, some standing, and some screaming, all showing a variety of lifelike gestures. As for the figures, there are women, civil servants, generals, husongs, and kings. According to the social status and rank of the characters, they portray different characters and traits. The lady’s face is rich, her hair is braided in various styles, and she wears colorful clothing. The civil servants are polite, the warriors are brave and fierce, and Hu Hao has high noses and deep eyes, and the king is valiant and majestic. He is an exemplary model of ancient Chinese sculpture.
ã€history】
The Tang Dynasty was the heyday of the feudal society in China. The economy was prosperous and flourishing. Culture and arts flourished in an affair. Tang Sancai was a kind of pottery handicrafts produced during this period. It is famous for its lively, vivid colors and rich atmosphere.
During the construction of the Longhai Railway, during the construction of the Longhai Railway, Luoyang Beidai Mountain destroyed a number of Tang Dynasty tombs and found numerous Tang Sancai burial articles. The common unearthed Tang Sancai pottery consists of three colored horses, camels, ladies, lesbians, and pillows. Especially the three-colored camel, carrying silk or carrying the band, bowed to the top, the red-eyed Luo Wei, wearing a narrow-sleeved shirt, wearing a Cap, reproduced the image of the life of the Central Asian people, people Reminiscent of the camel jingle in the "silk road" scene.
The Tang Dynasty was the heyday of the feudal dynasty in China. Therefore, Tang Sancai also reflected the politics, culture and life of this Tang Dynasty from another aspect. Like the Tang Dynasty poetry, painting, and other architectural culture, it formed the Tang Dynasty culture. The melody, but it is different from other cultures and arts. From the history of modern ceramics, Tang Sancai was an epoch-making milestone in the history of the Tang Dynasty ceramics. Before Tang, there was only a single color glaze, which was the combined use of two colors of glaze. In the Han Dynasty in China, there have been two colors, that is, the use of two glazes of yellow and green on the same artifact. Then, after the Tang Dynasty, it was said that this colorful glaze was applied to ceramic objects at the same time. Some of them are from the history of ceramics, which is related to the great changes in the aesthetic view of the Tang Dynasty. Before the Tang, people advocated colorism. After the Tang dynasty, it embraced various cultures and embraced a lot of foreign cultures. That is to say that this time from painting, from ceramics, from gold and silverware The production is also good, it has formed such a characteristic of a splendid culture.
Sancai Manor House (now the National Palace Museum)
The rise of Tang Sancai in the Tang Dynasty has its historical reasons. First of all, the rapid development of the ceramic industry, as well as the continuous improvement of the level of sculpture, architectural arts, promote continuous integration between them, and continuous development, so from the characters to animals and living appliances can be expressed in Tang Sancai's artifacts.
After the administration of Zhenguan in the Tang Dynasty, the power of the country was strong, and all industries flourished. At the same time, it also led to the corruption of some ** lives, and the thick burial was booming. Tang Sancai at that time was also used as a kind of veil. It was once listed in the regulations of the government. One product, two products, three products, and four products meant that he could allow him to bury him. However, in fact, there were express provisions in plaintext as these officials. Obviously, they are not satisfied with the provisions of the plaintext. Instead, they often increase the multiples more than the official regulations to do such a thick funeral. The official style is so, and of course the folk customs are the same. Therefore, a kind of thick burial style has formed from top to bottom. This is one of the main reasons why Tang Sancai was able to quickly develop and rise in the Central Plains.
ã€Craftsmanship】
Samosa Warriors (now the National Palace Museum)
Tang Sancai's production process is very complicated. First of all, the mined land to be mined, smashed, washed, precipitated, dried and then made into a kiln using a mold for firing. Tang Sancai's firing uses a secondary firing method. From the raw material point of view, its carcass is made of white clay, and it is burned in a kiln at a temperature of 1000-1100 degrees Celsius. The baked prime tires are cooled and then the prepared glazes are put into the kiln. Glaze burning, the firing temperature of 850-950 degrees Celsius. In the glaze, a variety of metal oxides are used as a coloring agent, which shows various colors after being calcined.
After the glaze is burned out, some characters need to open their faces again. The so-called open face is the head of the character. The antique product is not glazed. It must go through the eyebrow, lip, and hair. Such a process, then the product of Tang Sancai even completed.
ã€Features】
The characteristics of Tang Sancai can be summed up in two aspects. The first is modeling. From the aspect of modeling, its shape is different from that of general crafts, and it is also different from horses unearthed in other eras.
Tang Sancai and foreign domain traders Tang Sancai have a variety of shapes, which can be generally divided into three categories: animals, living utensils, and characters. Among them, animals are mostly animals. The unearthed Tang Sancai is mainly divided into animals, utensils, and characters from the present classification, especially animals, which may be related to the background of the era at that time. In ancient China, the horse is one of the most important means of transportation on the battlefield. It also requires horses. Farmers also need horses for ploughing fields, and transportation also needs horses. Therefore, there are more horses unearthed in Tang Sancai, followed by more camels. This may be related to the Sino-foreign trade at that time. Camels are one of the means of transportation for long journeys. Then people may go from east to west from the west, and from the west to the Silk Road, they need camels as transportation. So, the craftsmen reflected it on crafts. Characters are generally more palace maids, this reflection is related to the court life at that time.
The shape of the horse is relatively plump. This breed of horse is said to have been a tribute from the Western Regions at that time, so it is not quite the same as the shape of the horse we see now. The hips of the horse are relatively fat and the neck is relatively wide. Tangma's styling characteristics are mainly static, but it is driven by quietness. You see this is a standing horse. But it is characterized by the eye of the horse. The eye of the horse is inscribed in a triangle. The eyes are round, and then the ears of the horse are close to it. It seems to be listening or hearing something. It passes. This detailed description shows Tang Ma's inner spirit and inner rhythm.
Another feature of Tang Sancai is glaze. The use of three kinds of red, green and white glaze colors on a piece of material, which was originally the first in the Tang Dynasty, but the craftsmen cleverly applied the method of glaze, red, green, and white, to make it interlaced and misused. Then after high temperature firing at high temperature, the glaze is poured and flowed to form a unique rogue process. After the kiln is out, the three colors become many colors. It has a primary color, a complex color, and a combined color. People can What is seen is a variety of colored and dripping colors, which is characteristic of Tang Sancai glaze.
Tang Sancai’s shape is round and full, which is consistent with the plump, bodybuilding, and broad features of the Tang Dynasty art. Tang Sancai has a variety of shapes, which can be generally divided into three categories: animals, living utensils, and characters. Among them, animals are mostly animals. The proportion of three-colored figures and animals is moderate, the shape is natural, the lines are smooth and lively. In the figures, the warriors are muscular, glaring at the eyes, and swords drawn. The son-in-law is high-sleeved and wide-armed. Animals are mostly horses and camels.
Tang Sancai, a kind of handicraft, is characterized by the exchange of Chinese and Western cultures. This form is a chicken head vessel. From the current research, it was a wine container used by Western countries and even countries in the Middle East, but as a Central Plains region. It was produced as a kind of handicraft, and the use of people can see the exchange of Chinese and Western culture at that time.
ã€Origin】
Tang Sancai's places of origin, Xi'an, Luoyang and Yangzhou, are the connecting points of land and sea silk ancient roads. On the ancient Silk Road, the transport of the Tang Dynasty was mainly camels. It can be imagined that in the desert, people and camels are struggling and are dependent on each other, so people and camels have a sense of intimacy. Its tall form and perseverance, it seems that it still carries the wind and dust of ancient Silk Road.
Tang Sancai was the essence of the Tang Dynasty pottery and reached its peak in the early Tang and Tang dynasties. After the Anshi chaos, with the gradual weakening of the Tang Dynasty, due to the rapid development of porcelain, the production of three-color devices gradually declined. Later, it produced "Liao Three Colors" and "Golden Three Colors." However, in terms of quantity, quality, and artistry, it was far less than Tang Sancai.
[artistic charm]
Tang San Cai Ma (now the National Palace Museum)
With the progress of society and the continuous improvement of copying and imitation technology, Tang Sancai has more and more varieties. Luoyang people developed the flat Tang Sancai on the basis of traditional Tang Sancai modeling, and they will also develop more and better Tang Sancai works on this basis.
As a traditional cultural product and arts and crafts product, Tang Sancai not only has a certain status in the history of Chinese ceramics and art history, but also plays an important role in cultural exchange between China and foreign countries.
Tang Sancai had exported to foreign countries as early as the beginning of the Tang Dynasty and was deeply loved by foreign people. This kind of multi-color glaze pottery is famous for its gorgeous glaze, bright and beautiful luster, beautiful and exquisite shape. Tang Sancai is a bright pearl in ancient Chinese pottery.
Sancai Tianwangsi (now the National Palace Museum)
According to the excavations of the archaeological community, artifacts of the Tang Dynasty tricolor have been excavated in some countries on the Silk Road, the Mediterranean coast and Western Asia. Well, the spread of this culture abroad has also had some impact on their ceramic industry, including Japan and North Korea. During Japan's Nara period, three colors were used to imitate Chinese tricolors. At that time, they were called Nara Three Colors. North Korea's Silla period also produced Chinese tricolor and produced three-colored objects called Silla Three Colors.
Because Tang Sancai has such charm, especially in recent years, with the further development of the tourism industry and the opening up of the international and domestic markets, there are more and more people who like to collect Tang Sancai.
Tang Sancai's copying and imitation process has a history of more than a hundred years in Luoyang. After the development of artists of all ages, the craftsmanship and artistic level of "Luoyang Tang Sancai" has reached a certain height, and the production process of Tang Sancai has also been inherited and developed.
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